基于傅里叶级数的中国沿海地区Tm模型精化研究     

刘立龙  万庆同  周威  黄良珂  黎峻宇 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(11):1137-1141

本文采用中国沿海地区13个探空站2010~2014年实测地表温度T_s与平均温度T_m数据，利用傅里叶级数分析法精化中国沿海地区T_m模型，并将2015年探空站实测T_m数据与精化模型进行对比检验。结果表明，精化模型在T_m探测方面具有更高的计算精度，其计算大气可降水量的误差概率分布趋近于正态分布，具有较强的稳定性。  相似文献   

渤、黄海生态环境模拟的参数敏感度空间差异分析     

罗辰奕  聂红涛  张海彦 《海洋学报》2019,41(8):85-96

随着海洋生态系统模型的发展，生态变量增多，众多生物过程参数量值的确定成为制约生态环境模拟的瓶颈问题，生态系统结构区域性要求模型中的生态参数具有区域差异。为探究不同海区的关键参数及参数敏感度的空间差异，本研究在渤、黄海建立了ROMS-CoSiNE物理–生物耦合的高分辨率生态系统模型，并对13种生态参数的敏感度空间分布进行分析。结果表明:南黄海中部与渤海及近岸海域的敏感度差异较大。渤海敏感度最大的参数为决定光合速率的浮游植物P-I曲线初始斜率，其次为浮游动物捕食半饱和常数和浮游动物最大捕食率。而南黄海中部敏感度最大的参数为浮游动物最大捕食率，其次为浮游植物死亡率和浮游植物P-I曲线初始斜率。结合敏感度分布及浮游植物生物量收支得出，渤海水体透明度较南黄海偏低、浮游植物生长光限制较强，是引起浮游植物P-I曲线初始斜率敏感度在渤海高于黄海的主要原因。浮游动物最大捕食率及浮游植物死亡率的敏感度空间差异，受渤、黄海浮游植物生物量差异的影响，与生态系统中的高度非线性特征有关。  相似文献   

新疆别也萨麻斯矿区钽锰矿的矿物学特征及其TIMS U-Pb定年     

何晗晗  艾尔肯&#;吐尔孙  王登红  王瑞江  陈振宇 《岩矿测试》2020,39(4):609-619

钽矿是我国的紧缺资源,近年来对别也萨麻斯地区钽矿取得了找矿新进展,包括新矿点的发现以及花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属资源的找矿突破。区内伟晶岩脉广泛发育,为探究含矿脉体的成矿时代、查明区内典型铌钽矿物的矿物学特征,本文以L18号伟晶岩脉中的钽锰矿为研究对象,对其物理性质、化学成分、地质年代等进行了分析。应用电子探针测试钽锰矿的化学组成,热电离质谱法(TIMS)测定其U-Pb年龄,确定含矿脉体的形成年代。结果表明,研究区钽锰矿中Ta_2O_5含量为51.58%～74.80%,均值68.49%,Nb_2O_5含量为6.15%～27.63%;部分主量元素分布不均,未表现出规律的分带性,但矿物颗粒中心部位的CaO含量较边部低,横剖面上SiO_2含量相对稳定,TiO_2与WO_3显示不规律波动。这种特征表明钽锰矿并非单纯由结晶分异作用形成,而是可能受到了后期交代作用的影响。钽锰矿的U-Pb年龄为160Ma,说明钽锰矿化发生于晚侏罗世早期,与围岩海西期二云母花岗岩相差甚远,后者并非L18号脉体的成矿母岩。  相似文献   

拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)六个地理群体肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸的比较分析     

李永亮  赵欢欢  李荣华  王春琳  母昌考  宋微微  叶央芳 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(2):465-472

本文对广西钦州(Gq)、福建霞浦(Fx)、浙江温州(Zw)、浙江三门(Zs)、浙江宁海(Zn)、浙江慈溪(Zc)等6个野生群体拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)肌肉进行了氨基酸及脂肪酸分析。共测定出19种游离氨基酸和26种脂肪酸。氨基酸含量在80.94—191.39mg/g之间, Gq为最高;总脂肪酸含量在7.97—11.38mg/g之间,Zn为最高。主要氨基酸为甘氨酸和精氨酸;主要脂肪酸为C20:5n3(EPA),占总脂肪酸含量的平均值为(22.47±5.84)%。各群体风味氨基酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,占总氨基酸比例(TDAA/TFAA)和总脂肪酸比例(PUFA/TFA)分别为(53.62±5.43)%和(59.27±5.29)%。Zs群体的必需氨基酸含量及C22:6n3(DHA)均为最高。主成分分析结果表明:各群体的氨基酸与脂肪酸组成与含量相似性与地理距离分布具有一定的相关性,特别是Gq群体,在氨基酸与脂肪酸的分类中与其他群体区分比较明显。各群体风味氨基酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的聚类分析结果均表明:Zw、Zc与Gq群体较为接近,具有较强的甜味; Fx、Zn与Zs群体较为接近,具有较强的香味及不饱和脂肪酸营养价值。  相似文献   

Feedback control system for blow-out preventer positioning     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

During the drilling of ultra-deep-water subsea petroleum wells, a blow-out preventer (BOP), a piece of safety equipment, must be assembled on the wellhead. The BOP is suspended using the drilling riser during the wellhead approach operation, and the riser's top end is connected to the floating platform rig. This article presents a feedback control system for the automatic approach of the BOP to the wellhead. Compared to state-of-the-art controls, ours does not require ancillary thrusters installed alongside the riser nor inclination sensors atop of the drilling riser. Additionally, our proposed control embeds a closed-loop dynamic positioning system, thus retaining the characteristics of the original control system and adding an extra closed-loop. This eases implementation of the BOP approach control to an existing platform. To calculate the optimal gains for the BOP controller, we assume a linear system for the riser, including only the pendulum-shape. The simulation is carried out using nonlinear models for both riser and floating platform. We assume an International Towing Tank Conference standard semi-submersible platform, coupled with a 3000-m free-hanging vertical riser for the time-domain simulation. The results show the BOP tracking to be a step-shaped input signal under current and wave loads. A discussion of the performance of feedback control under different environmental loads is also included.  相似文献   

Experimental Study of a Command Governor Adaptive Depth Controller for an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) are increasingly being used in advanced applications that require them to operate in tandem with human divers and around underwater infrastructure and other vehicles. These applications require precise control of the UUVs which is challenging due to the non-linear and time varying nature of the hydrodynamic forces, presence of external disturbances, uncertainties and unexpected changes that can occur within the UUV’s operating environment. Adaptive control has been identified as a promising solution to achieve desired control within such dynamic environments. Nevertheless, adaptive control in its basic form, such as Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) has a trade-off between the adaptation rate and transient performance. Even though, higher adaptation rates produce better performance they can lead to instabilities and actuator fatigue due to high frequency oscillations in the control signal. Command Governor Adaptive Control (CGAC) is a possible solution to achieve better transient performance at low adaptation rates. In this study CGAC has been experimentally validated for depth control of a UUV, which is a unique challenge due to the unavailability of full state measurement and a greater thrust requirement. These in turn leads to additional noise from state estimation, time-delays from input noise filters, higher energy expenditure and susceptibility to saturation. Experimental results show that CGAC is more robust against noise and time-delays and has lower energy expenditure and thruster saturation. In addition, CGAC offers better tracking, disturbance rejection and tolerance to partial thruster failure compared to the MRAC.  相似文献   

Predicting quantiles of water quality from catchment characteristics     

Danlu Guo  Shuci Liu  Dhananjay Singh  Andrew W. Western 《水文研究》2021,35(1):e13996

Water quality is often highly variable both in space and time, which poses challenges for modelling the more extreme concentrations. This study developed an alternative approach to predicting water quality quantiles at individual locations. We focused on river water quality data that were collected over 25 years, at 102 catchments across the State of Victoria, Australia. We analysed and modelled spatial patterns of the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of the concentrations of sediments, nutrients and salt, with six common constituents: total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate-nitrite (NO_x), and electrical conductivity (EC). To predict the spatial variation of each quantile for each constituent, we developed statistical regression models and exhaustively searched through 50 catchment characteristics to identify the best set of predictors for that quantile. The models predict the spatial variation in individual quantiles of TSS, TKN and EC well (66%–96% spatial variation explained), while those for TP, FRP and NO_x have lower performance (37%–73% spatial variation explained). The most common factors that influence the spatial variations of the different constituents and quantiles are: annual temperature, percentage of cropping land area in catchment and channel slope. The statistical models developed can be used to predict how low- and high-concentration quantiles change with landscape characteristics, and thus provide a useful tool for catchment managers to inform planning and policy making with changing climate and land use conditions.  相似文献   

基于小波变换的射频干扰消除方法的研究          下载免费PDF全文

林天琪  吴亚军  朱人杰  徐志骏 《天文学报》2021,62(3):29

在射电天文观测中,射频干扰(Radio Frequency Interference, RFI)会以多种形式混入望远镜接收系统,给观测带来误判或者降低观测信噪比.近年来国内国际射电天文快速发展,国内国际大型射电望远镜和阵列先后建设,观测灵敏度大为提高,射频干扰的影响尤为突出.随着科技发展和人类活动的加剧,射频干扰日益严重且不可逆转.提出利用2维离散小波变换的方法分析射电天文观测的数据,对望远镜系统输出的时间频率序列进行小波变换,根据小波系数分离出原始信号中各分量,每个分量统计得到相应的阈值,将各分量与阈值相比较识别干扰成分并标记去除.利用该方法对实际观测数据进行了处理,结果表明该方法能够很好地标记并消减干扰信号,且提高了观测的信噪比.  相似文献   

Quantifying suitable dynamic water levels in marsh wetlands based on hydrodynamic modelling     

Peng Hu  Zefan Yang  Qiande Zhu  Weize Wang  Qin Yang 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14054

The water level of marsh wetlands is a dominant force controlling the wetland ecosystem function, especially for aquatic habitat. For different species, water level requirements vary in time and space, and therefore ensuring suitable water levels in different periods is crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity in marsh wetlands. Based on hydrodynamic modelling and habitat suitability assessment, we determined suitable dynamic water levels considering aquatic habitat service at different periods in marsh wetlands. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial variation of water level. The habitat suitability for target species at various water levels was evaluated to obtain the fitting curves between Weighted Usable Area (WUA) and water levels. And then suitable water levels throughout the year were proposed according to the fitting curves. Using the Zhalong Wetland (located in northeastern China) as a case study, we confirmed that the proposed MIKE 21 model can successfully be used to simulate the water level process in the wetland. Suitable water levels were identified as being from 143.9–144.2 m for April to May, 144.1–144.3 m for June to September, and 144.3–144.4 m for October to November (before the freezing season). Furthermore, proposed water diversion schemes have been identified which can effectively sustain the proposed dynamic water levels. This study is expected to provide appropriate guidance for the determination of environmental flows and water management strategies in marsh wetlands.  相似文献   

Hydrological management strategies for the control of algal blooms in regulated lowland rivers     

Jian Li  Wei Yin  Haiyan Jia  Xiaokang Xin 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14171

Reservoirs of lowland floodplain rivers with eutrophic backgrounds cause variations in the hydrological and hydraulic conditions of estuaries and low-dam reservoir areas, which can promote planktonic algae to proliferate and algal bloom outbreaks. Understanding the ecological effects of variations in hydrological and hydraulic processes in lowland rivers is important for algal bloom control. In this study, the middle and lower reaches of the Han River, China, a typical regulated lowland river with a eutrophic background, are selected. Based on the effect of hydrological and hydraulic variability on algal blooms, a hydrological management strategy for river algal bloom control is proposed. The results showed that (a) differences in river morphology and background nutrient levels cause significant differences in the critical threshold flow velocities for algal bloom outbreaks between natural river and low-dam reservoir sections; there is no uniform threshold flow velocity for algal bloom control. (b) There are significant differences in the river hydrological/hydraulic conditions between years with and without algal blooms. The average river flow, water level and velocity in years with algal blooms are significantly lower than those in years without algal blooms. (c) For different river sections where algal blooms occur and to meet the threshold flow velocities, the joint operation of cascade reservoirs and diversion projects is an effective method to prevent and control algal blooms in regulated lowland rivers. This study is expected to deepen our understanding of the ecological significance of special hydrological processes and guide algal bloom management in regulated lowland rivers.  相似文献